Chillas art stigmatized property
Author: m | 2025-04-23
[Chilla's Art] Stigmatized Property Is [Chilla's Art] Stigmatized Property
[Chilla's Art] Stigmatized Property
‘Chillas Art: The Bathhouse’ is a Japanese horror game.‘Chillas Art: The Bathhouse’ is a horror story built entirely around the concept of a bathhouse and what happens there. An eerily lit room in the creepy bathhouse. Image by 'Chillas Art: The Bathhouse.'The game has been developed to be played as a “walking simulator,” with unique interactions and experiences for you to play through along the way. You will come across various elements as you progress through the game. There are puzzles that you will need to solve. Careful observation will help you to find all the necessary clues and figure out how to solve each unique puzzle.The game also includes some survival elements that will require you to use your wits, plan ahead, and make your decisions carefully in order to make it all the way to the end of your journey alive… The developers have incorporated psychological horror themes to “drive you insane.” So watch your step! A dingy room with a dirty mattress on the floor. Image by Chillas Art: The Bathhouse.According to the developers, the game environment is inspired by Japanese horror films. They have gone with a VHS film aesthetic that “emulates the look and feel of CRT screens.” They have also included VHS tape noise, interlacing, and jitter to amplify the horror experience.The game has multiple endings. Every choice that you make will have an impact on the final outcome of the game. Make your choices carefully and you might be lucky enough to make it through the entire adventure with all your limbs attached and not 6 feet under the ground…‘Chillas Art: The Bathhouse’ is developed by ‘Chillas Art.’ The game was released on Steam in September 2022.Email us about this article Yours truly is a born gamer and seeks to convey his gutter tier gamer experience to the wide world with the only weapon more powerful than his PC : words :)Currently Playing: Apex LegendsTop 3 Favorite Games: Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Tomb Raider, Counter-Strike: Global OffensiveMore Top Stories
[Chilla’s Art] Stigmatized Property
23/06/2022 Rockviewer AccomodationsEnjoy Your Privacy and Beautiful Rest 23/06/2022 We are still At The GateOrder Your Good And Healthy Food NowRockviewer Menu 18/06/2022 Alert❗Rockviewer Restaurant Will Start Operating From Monday 20 June 2022Stay Tuned For A Menu UploadThank You. 17/06/2022 We Really Appreciate Your Presence At RockviewerYouth Day Celebration 17/06/2022 Yesterday Was A Movie At All Black Party 15/06/2022 Day Celebration With Cornety Day Care Centre Are The Best And Safer For Kids 14/06/2022 13/06/2022 Black And White Pre partyWarm ups For 16 June CocktailsHubblyGood foodWill be available 👆 13/06/2022 2days to go SHANDIIES youthday celebration you buy 12 dumpies and get chance to win a free plate for onecocktailshubbly good musicgood food 11/06/2022 16 June Youth Day Black And White PartyRockviewerFree Entrance 09/06/2022 What a greatest Party At Rockviewer Accomodation and Conference Centre 🎉🥳💕 08/06/2022 After Work Friday Special With Our Mr Private School Piano Himself 👆 Food Will Be Sold Inside. 06/06/2022 Here Is The Real One ...Will Be starting Our Long Weekend With More Fire 🔥 05/06/2022 WhatsApp Group Invite 04/06/2022 Sunday Vibes Chillas Ziyakahala bafe2 03/06/2022 03/06/2022 Hiphop Freestyle Rock Bafe2 02/06/2022 Catch Up Our Saturday SpecialWith Our Best Deejays Address R71, Portion 2 , Ben Farm Phalaborwa 1392 Alerts Be the first to know and let us send you an email when Rock Viewer Phalaborwa posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time. Contact The Establishment Send a message to Rock Viewer Phalaborwa: Videos 16 June Youth Day Black And White PartyRockviewerFree Entrance#stegoClothing #PawClothing #LepatoIce #6to6 Sunday Day Vibes #Chillas VW Crew Rock Viewer#Dripfriday#Rockviewer#allblack Ke Saturday Bosso🥃Chilla's Art] Stigmatized Property
Fair Attendee (uncredited) Forrest Weber ... Chicago Fan (uncredited) Jamie Christopher White ... Pool Player #1 (uncredited) Andrew Wynne ... Construction Worker (uncredited) William Xifaras ... Diner Patron (uncredited) Produced by Alec Berg ... executive producer Larry David ... producer Monica Levinson ... producer David Mandel ... executive producer Greg Mottola ... executive producer Jeff Schaffer ... executive producer Laura Streicher ... associate producer Bradley Thomas ... executive producer Music by Ludovic Bource Cinematography by Jim Denault Editing by Steven Rasch Casting By Ronna Kress Production Design by Sarah Knowles Art Direction by Bryan Felty Carl Sprague Set Decoration by Jennifer Engel Costume Design by Susan Lyall Makeup Department Frank Barbosa ... hair department head Liz Bernstrom ... makeup department head Ben Bornstein ... additional makeup artist Elizabeth Cecchini ... key hair stylist (as Liz Cecchini) Rob Fitz ... makeup artist Tony Gardner ... special makeup designer Lori Guidroz ... hair stylist: additional photography Raul Hernandez ... hair stylist Thomas Kolarek ... makeup artist: additional photography Margaret Prentice ... special makeup effects artist Joanna Raskin ... hair stylist Sherryn Smith ... key makeup artist Justin Stafford ... wigs: Larry David Jennifer Traub ... makeup artist Production Management Monica Levinson ... unit production manager Luke Ramsey ... production supervisor Second Unit Director or Assistant Director Matthew Vose Campbell ... first assistant director: second unit Michael McGuirk ... additional second assistant director (as Mike McGuirk) Matthew E. Pado ... additional second assistant director Allan Rafael ... second second assistant director Jonathan Watson ... first assistant director Art Department Beth Anderson ... assistant property master Bobby Anderson ... picture car coordinator Audra Avery ... assistant art director Joseph Barillaro ... charge scenic Christopher Bartholet ... art department pa Dawn Beagan ... props Chris Buchinsky ... conceptual illustrator Aimee Butterfield ... assistant property master Mickey Carter ... set dresser Jonathan Champoux ... set dresser Kim Codner ... painter (as Kim Nelson) Gregory J. Corcoran ... set dresser Robert Gallo ... scenics Trixie Gardner ... set dresser Jennifer Gerbino ... property master Simon Holt ... props (as Simon Michael Holt) Christopher Johnson ... picture car fabricator Deborah Kehs ... set dresser foreman Vanessa Knoll ... assistant set decorator Michael Krause ... prop maker John Larson ... on-set greensman Joe Mason ... assistant art director Stacie McKinnon McAdam ... art department coordinator (as Stacie McKinnon) Matthew Nutter ... graphic designer Jack O'Neil ... set dresser Jeremy. [Chilla's Art] Stigmatized PropertyChilla's Art - STIGMATIZED PROPERTY
THREAD: ? ?If more and more people are discovering the usefulness of platforms such as @OnlyFans et al, and these platforms are literally saving livelihoods during this #pandemic, why the #stigma? I know #sexwork remains stigmatized, but let’s speak on it. These days we see a lot of the world reflected on @Twitter, or #socialmedia in general, and a lot of social media reflected in the world. Items such as “#OnlyFans” have become ubiquitous, albeit stigmatized because of their close proximity to sex work; however, OnlyFans is not… …in and of itself a platform intended for sex workers. This being said, I’m pretty sure we sex workers have been generating the bulk of their profits for a long while now. But that’s not what I want to talk about in this thread. So, OnlyFans et al are stigmatized because of their proximity to sex work. Okay, cool—got it. So, let’s cut to the chase:⭐️ Why is sex work and still to a large degree, sex itself, stigmatized?Now, hold on—I know what many of you are probably thinking, and that is the… …scope of this topic is probably biting off more than can be reasonably discussed in a simple Twitter thread, but I would argue it isn’t for the purpose I intend. What I intend to do is talk, and to talk endlessly at that. Don’t leave just yet—I don’t mean me, personally. The best way to de-stigmatize something is to talk about it, over and over, until it becomes familiar enough to feel normal, i.e. to normalize it. What I want to do—what I would like for all of us to do—or at least as many people as possible, is to answer the star question above. I’ll reiterate, here:⭐️ Why is sex work and still to a large degree, sex itself, stigmatized?Ideally, I would like for as many people as possible, of all demographics and from all walks of life, of all educations and professional backgrounds, to try and answer this question. I even welcome opinions from the strongly religious who may have strong religious positions on these issues. I promise you that as long as you don’t come into the discussion “swinging” at individuals or denigrating the marginalized, I’ll do my best to assure you from the same. This goes for everyone, actually. We’re not writing against one another, nor shall we take it upon ourselves to attack another person’s beliefs. I want to see people answering the question as if they have something to teach others who have something to learn from them. As you read people’s answers, read them as if you have something to learn, even if you believe otherwise. Feel free to reply, to ask questions of each other and to criticize, but try not to insult anyone. Also, I feel naive to even say this, but do not bring politics into this. Or a better way of saying it is do not bring up politics unless it is absolutely directly related to the substanceStigmatized Property - Chilla's Art Wiki
At more than $1 billion in a recent Series D investment. In fact, the opportunities for multiple players, including investors, researchers, providers, payers, and legacy pharmaceutical and medical-device companies, are becoming increasingly evident. A market of opportunityDepending on scope, estimates for FemTech’s current market size range from $500 million to $1 billion. Forecasts suggest opportunities for double-digit revenue growth. On the digital health front, FemTech companies currently receive 3 percent of all digital health funding. In our scan of hundreds of FemTech companies, we found concentration in maternal health patient support, consumer menstrual products, gynecological devices, and solutions in fertility. Funding reached $2.5 billion by early December 2021. In some cases, FemTech companies are filling gaps not yet addressed by biopharma and device incumbents, such as in the area of maternal health. Yet this is clearly, and promisingly, only the beginning of what FemTech can address. There are still significant white spaces (Exhibit 2).On the cusp of disruptionFemTech companies could disrupt healthcare in a number of ways. Initial breakthroughs are already being achieved across a range of areas, including the following: Improving care delivery: Virtual clinics such as Tia, innovative brick-and-mortar clinics such as Kindbody, and direct-to-consumer prescription delivery services like those of The Pill Club, all enable women to access care in a more convenient, consumer-centric manner. Enabling self-care: Trackers and wearables offered by companies such as Bloomlife, and at-home diagnostics like those provided by Modern Fertility, are among the FemTech solutions that are helping women take greater charge of their health and health-related data. Improving diagnoses: Clinical diagnostics companies are pushing the scientific frontier to address unmet medical needs in areas such as endometriosis (DotLab) and preterm birth (Sera Prognostics). Addressing stigmatized areas: Companies are addressing what had been considered to be stigmatized topics head on, such as menstrual health (Thinx), sexual health (Rosy Wellness), pelvic care (Elvie), and menopause (Elektra Health). Delivering culturally sensitive and tailored care: Solutions tailored for subpopulations are emerging for Black women (such as Health in Her HUE), LGBTQ+ populations (FOLX Health), and women in low- and middle-income countries (Kasha).The categories in which[Chilla's Art] Stigmatized Property - YouTube
Builds on this page are largely focused on min maxing (i.e. getting the absolute most combat and mechanics value out of the characters so they can be viable for Hard or Unfair difficulty). As such, they may break roleplaying immersion. Burning EmberFor the DLC5 version of this build, please refer to this page!Ray witch with a side of AoE. Buy Bolster rods for the turns you need to Cackle on. Doesn’t compete for gear. Insanely high Ranged Touch Attack. Be good to her so she gets +2 CHA.OverviewSkillsWorld, Stealth, Use Magic Device (spare)Mandatory GearWard Master’s Amulet, Goggles of Piercing Gaze, Deadly Rays, Cloak of Carnage, Call of the Fiery Things, Assailants Belt, Ring of Pyromania, Steady Finger, Red Salamander*, Gloves of Arcane Eradication, Boots of Arcane Persistence, Ashmaker, Triceratops Statuette, Greater Maximize Rod(s), Quicken Rod(s)Unfair viable✅StatsSTRDEXCONINTWISCHA91612121317 > 22Final BuildWitch (Stigmatized)Sorcerer (Crossblooded)Loremaster1019Leveling GuideLevelTake4Witch - Protective Luck5Witch - Spell Penetration6Witch - Cackle7Sorcerer - Bolster Spell // Greater Spell Penetration // Gold // Brass8Witch9Witch - Skill Focus: World // Fortune10Loremaster - Druid Spell: Barkskin11Loremaster - Spell Focus: Evocation12Loremaster - Rogue Secret: Combat Trick > Greater Weapon Focus: Ray13Loremaster - Weapon Focus: Ray14Loremaster - Combat Feat: Improved Critical: Ray15Loremaster - Greater Spell Focus: Evocation16Loremaster - Cleric Spell: Divine Power17Loremaster - Empower Spell18Witch19Witch - Elemental Focus: Fire // Beast’s Gift20Loremaster - Cleric Spell: Mass Heal Spell PriorityLevelSpells1Unbreakable Heart, Cure Light, Ear-Piercing Scream, Mage Armor, Reduce Person2Scorching Ray*, Burning Arc*, Glitterdust, Cure Moderate, False Life3Stinking Cloud, Heroism, Cure Serious, Fireball*4Death Ward, Dimension Door, Cure Critical, False Life (G)5Feeblemind, Fire Snake*6Heroism (G), Raise Dead7Heal, Legendary Proportions, Hellfire Ray*, True Seeing (C)8Mind Blank, Summon Monster VIII9Foresight, Heroic Invocation* Spells from curse and gear (no need to pick).MetamagicTypeSpellsBolsterScorching Ray, Burning Arc, Fireball, Controlled Fireball, Fire Snake, Hellfire Ray SL6, Hellfire Ray (SL7), FirestormBolster + EmpowerScorching Ray, Fireball, Hellfire Ray (SL6)Mythic PathLevelFeat1Ascendant Element: Fire2Extra Mythic Ability: Abundant Casting3Improved Abundant Casting4Weapon Focus (Mythic)5Last Stand 6Improved Critical (Mythic)7Greater Abundant Casting8Spell Penetration9Bloodline: Red10Sorcerous ReflexVanilla EmberFor the DLC5 version of this build, please refer to this page!A non-offensive witch. Has Conjurations and Enchantments at her disposal, along with some summoning to be your meatshields. Fill out your selective metamagics before you get Favorite Metamagic: Selective so you have those at every level.The decision between Mass Heal and Overwhelming is the hardest. You wouldn't mind to have either. Ember does get an alright enchantment spell for her mythic quest, but it's not as good as Overwhelming. Oh, and also be good to her no matter what so she gets her +2 Cha. SkillsPersuasion, Knowledge: World, Use Magic Device (spare)Unfair viable✅StatsSTRDEXCONINTWISCHA91612121317 > 22Final BuildWitch (Stigmatized)LoremasterSorcerer (Crossblooded)1091Leveling GuideLevelTake4Witch - Protective Luck5Witch - Selective Spell6Witch - Cackle7Witch - Skill Focus: World8Witch - Fortune9Loremaster - Spell Focus: Conjuration || Druid Spell: Barkskin10Loremaster11Loremaster - Greater Spell Focus: Conjuration || Cleric Spell: Greater Command12Loremaster 13Loremaster - Spell Penetration || Wizard Feat: Greater Spell Penetration14Sorcerer - Spell Focus: Evocation || Undead, Fey15Loremaster - Greater Spell Focus: Evocation16Loremaster - Cleric Spell: Waves of Ecstasy17Witch - Spell Focus: Necromancy18Loremaster19Loremaster - Greater Spell Focus: Necromancy. [Chilla's Art] Stigmatized Property Is [Chilla's Art] Stigmatized PropertyComments
‘Chillas Art: The Bathhouse’ is a Japanese horror game.‘Chillas Art: The Bathhouse’ is a horror story built entirely around the concept of a bathhouse and what happens there. An eerily lit room in the creepy bathhouse. Image by 'Chillas Art: The Bathhouse.'The game has been developed to be played as a “walking simulator,” with unique interactions and experiences for you to play through along the way. You will come across various elements as you progress through the game. There are puzzles that you will need to solve. Careful observation will help you to find all the necessary clues and figure out how to solve each unique puzzle.The game also includes some survival elements that will require you to use your wits, plan ahead, and make your decisions carefully in order to make it all the way to the end of your journey alive… The developers have incorporated psychological horror themes to “drive you insane.” So watch your step! A dingy room with a dirty mattress on the floor. Image by Chillas Art: The Bathhouse.According to the developers, the game environment is inspired by Japanese horror films. They have gone with a VHS film aesthetic that “emulates the look and feel of CRT screens.” They have also included VHS tape noise, interlacing, and jitter to amplify the horror experience.The game has multiple endings. Every choice that you make will have an impact on the final outcome of the game. Make your choices carefully and you might be lucky enough to make it through the entire adventure with all your limbs attached and not 6 feet under the ground…‘Chillas Art: The Bathhouse’ is developed by ‘Chillas Art.’ The game was released on Steam in September 2022.Email us about this article Yours truly is a born gamer and seeks to convey his gutter tier gamer experience to the wide world with the only weapon more powerful than his PC : words :)Currently Playing: Apex LegendsTop 3 Favorite Games: Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Tomb Raider, Counter-Strike: Global OffensiveMore Top Stories
2025-04-1723/06/2022 Rockviewer AccomodationsEnjoy Your Privacy and Beautiful Rest 23/06/2022 We are still At The GateOrder Your Good And Healthy Food NowRockviewer Menu 18/06/2022 Alert❗Rockviewer Restaurant Will Start Operating From Monday 20 June 2022Stay Tuned For A Menu UploadThank You. 17/06/2022 We Really Appreciate Your Presence At RockviewerYouth Day Celebration 17/06/2022 Yesterday Was A Movie At All Black Party 15/06/2022 Day Celebration With Cornety Day Care Centre Are The Best And Safer For Kids 14/06/2022 13/06/2022 Black And White Pre partyWarm ups For 16 June CocktailsHubblyGood foodWill be available 👆 13/06/2022 2days to go SHANDIIES youthday celebration you buy 12 dumpies and get chance to win a free plate for onecocktailshubbly good musicgood food 11/06/2022 16 June Youth Day Black And White PartyRockviewerFree Entrance 09/06/2022 What a greatest Party At Rockviewer Accomodation and Conference Centre 🎉🥳💕 08/06/2022 After Work Friday Special With Our Mr Private School Piano Himself 👆 Food Will Be Sold Inside. 06/06/2022 Here Is The Real One ...Will Be starting Our Long Weekend With More Fire 🔥 05/06/2022 WhatsApp Group Invite 04/06/2022 Sunday Vibes Chillas Ziyakahala bafe2 03/06/2022 03/06/2022 Hiphop Freestyle Rock Bafe2 02/06/2022 Catch Up Our Saturday SpecialWith Our Best Deejays Address R71, Portion 2 , Ben Farm Phalaborwa 1392 Alerts Be the first to know and let us send you an email when Rock Viewer Phalaborwa posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time. Contact The Establishment Send a message to Rock Viewer Phalaborwa: Videos 16 June Youth Day Black And White PartyRockviewerFree Entrance#stegoClothing #PawClothing #LepatoIce #6to6 Sunday Day Vibes #Chillas VW Crew Rock Viewer#Dripfriday#Rockviewer#allblack Ke Saturday Bosso🥃
2025-04-13THREAD: ? ?If more and more people are discovering the usefulness of platforms such as @OnlyFans et al, and these platforms are literally saving livelihoods during this #pandemic, why the #stigma? I know #sexwork remains stigmatized, but let’s speak on it. These days we see a lot of the world reflected on @Twitter, or #socialmedia in general, and a lot of social media reflected in the world. Items such as “#OnlyFans” have become ubiquitous, albeit stigmatized because of their close proximity to sex work; however, OnlyFans is not… …in and of itself a platform intended for sex workers. This being said, I’m pretty sure we sex workers have been generating the bulk of their profits for a long while now. But that’s not what I want to talk about in this thread. So, OnlyFans et al are stigmatized because of their proximity to sex work. Okay, cool—got it. So, let’s cut to the chase:⭐️ Why is sex work and still to a large degree, sex itself, stigmatized?Now, hold on—I know what many of you are probably thinking, and that is the… …scope of this topic is probably biting off more than can be reasonably discussed in a simple Twitter thread, but I would argue it isn’t for the purpose I intend. What I intend to do is talk, and to talk endlessly at that. Don’t leave just yet—I don’t mean me, personally. The best way to de-stigmatize something is to talk about it, over and over, until it becomes familiar enough to feel normal, i.e. to normalize it. What I want to do—what I would like for all of us to do—or at least as many people as possible, is to answer the star question above. I’ll reiterate, here:⭐️ Why is sex work and still to a large degree, sex itself, stigmatized?Ideally, I would like for as many people as possible, of all demographics and from all walks of life, of all educations and professional backgrounds, to try and answer this question. I even welcome opinions from the strongly religious who may have strong religious positions on these issues. I promise you that as long as you don’t come into the discussion “swinging” at individuals or denigrating the marginalized, I’ll do my best to assure you from the same. This goes for everyone, actually. We’re not writing against one another, nor shall we take it upon ourselves to attack another person’s beliefs. I want to see people answering the question as if they have something to teach others who have something to learn from them. As you read people’s answers, read them as if you have something to learn, even if you believe otherwise. Feel free to reply, to ask questions of each other and to criticize, but try not to insult anyone. Also, I feel naive to even say this, but do not bring politics into this. Or a better way of saying it is do not bring up politics unless it is absolutely directly related to the substance
2025-03-26At more than $1 billion in a recent Series D investment. In fact, the opportunities for multiple players, including investors, researchers, providers, payers, and legacy pharmaceutical and medical-device companies, are becoming increasingly evident. A market of opportunityDepending on scope, estimates for FemTech’s current market size range from $500 million to $1 billion. Forecasts suggest opportunities for double-digit revenue growth. On the digital health front, FemTech companies currently receive 3 percent of all digital health funding. In our scan of hundreds of FemTech companies, we found concentration in maternal health patient support, consumer menstrual products, gynecological devices, and solutions in fertility. Funding reached $2.5 billion by early December 2021. In some cases, FemTech companies are filling gaps not yet addressed by biopharma and device incumbents, such as in the area of maternal health. Yet this is clearly, and promisingly, only the beginning of what FemTech can address. There are still significant white spaces (Exhibit 2).On the cusp of disruptionFemTech companies could disrupt healthcare in a number of ways. Initial breakthroughs are already being achieved across a range of areas, including the following: Improving care delivery: Virtual clinics such as Tia, innovative brick-and-mortar clinics such as Kindbody, and direct-to-consumer prescription delivery services like those of The Pill Club, all enable women to access care in a more convenient, consumer-centric manner. Enabling self-care: Trackers and wearables offered by companies such as Bloomlife, and at-home diagnostics like those provided by Modern Fertility, are among the FemTech solutions that are helping women take greater charge of their health and health-related data. Improving diagnoses: Clinical diagnostics companies are pushing the scientific frontier to address unmet medical needs in areas such as endometriosis (DotLab) and preterm birth (Sera Prognostics). Addressing stigmatized areas: Companies are addressing what had been considered to be stigmatized topics head on, such as menstrual health (Thinx), sexual health (Rosy Wellness), pelvic care (Elvie), and menopause (Elektra Health). Delivering culturally sensitive and tailored care: Solutions tailored for subpopulations are emerging for Black women (such as Health in Her HUE), LGBTQ+ populations (FOLX Health), and women in low- and middle-income countries (Kasha).The categories in which
2025-03-24... assistant production manager Eamon O'Farrill ... unit manager Anna Roth ... unit manager: Mexico Second Unit Director or Assistant Director Stephanie 'Tuty' Correa ... second second assistant director Adrian Grunberg ... first assistant director Sarah Hood ... third assistant director: UK Bernardo Jasso ... second assistant director: second unit (as Bernardo Jasso Morales) Alex Leimone ... second second assistant director Sean Lovell ... third assistant director: UK Mauricio Lule ... second second assistant director Stacy Perskie ... second assistant director Mic Rodgers ... second unit director Lucy Thomas ... third assistant director: UK Berenice Manjarrez Vericat ... first assistant director: second unit (as Berenice Manjarrez) Art Department Alfredo Acle ... assistant art director / concept artist Pedro Alanis Alanis ... head painter Ignacio A. Alarcon ... art department assistant Pablo Facundo Angeles ... model maker Jorge Barba ... lead person Israel Becerril ... on-set dresser (as Israel Becerril Alarcon) Carlos Benassini ... set designer Shady Blackwold ... model maker Ezra Buenrostro ... assistant art director Miguel Cervantes ... on-set dresser (as Miguel 'Tayson' Cervantes) Juan Manuel Chaparro ... model maker Gabriel Chavez ... construction: 'America' group Jose Juan Cisneros Lira ... swing gang Matt Codd ... matte artist Jimena Contreras ... property coordinator Joaquín de la Riva ... lead person Diego Demian Decont ... model maker Trinidad Espinoza Huerta ... swing gang Vanesa Garnica ... set dresser coordinator Antonio Godínez ... property assistant (as Antonio Godinez) David Gomez Frias ... construction: 'Victoria' group Alfredo Gonzalez ... property assistant (as Alfredo 'Negro' Gonzalez) Luisa Guala ... set dresser Martin Gutierrez ... property assistant Antonio Gómez Capetillo ... sculptor (as Antonio Gomez Capetillo) Antonio Gómez ... head sculptor (as Antonio Gomez) Dereck Hecker ... props Daniel Hernandez ... swing gang Alfredo Antonio Hernández ... property maker (as Alfredo A. Hernandez) Rosario Huerta ... art department assistant Dan Johnson ... art department assistant: UK Ricardo M. Kaplan ... art department coordinator (as Ricardo Mendoza Kaplan) Ramiro Landeros ... prop assistant Jose Antonio Lara G. ... swing gang Enrique Lechuga ... construction: 'Victoria' group (as Enrique Lechuga Morales) Tim Lewis ... armourer/modeller Antonio Lopez ... stand-by carpenter René Marquéz ... property master: Mexico (as Rene Marquez) Ramiro Martinez Landeros ... prop assistant Juan José Martínez ... head sculptor William F. McLaughlin ... property master (as William McLaughlin) Federico Medina ... construction: 'Revolucion' group Javier Mendez Ramirez ... construction coordinator Jose Luis Mendez Ramirez ... construction coordinator Jimmy Mendoza ... model maker Julián Navarro ... set dressing buyer (as Julian Navarro Carranza) Edouard Pallardy ... painter Miguel Pineda ... construction buyer Moises Pineda ... production buyer Germán Ramírez Vera ... greens person (as German A. Ramirez Vera) Andrés Reyes ... camera painter (as Andres
2025-04-14Property that the foreign state still owns—say a work of art—the expropriation exception clearly requires the plaintiff to plead that the property is “present in the United States” in connection with commercial activity here. And if the foreign state exchanged that originally expropriated work of art for another piece of identifiable property—say another work of art—the plaintiff would have to show that this subsequently acquired work of art is present here in the United States. But what happens if rather than exchanging the expropriated work of art for another piece of art, the foreign state sells it? In some cases, the proceeds from that sale can still be traced to the United States, say if the foreign state transferred the proceeds to a particular bank account and then used those funds for some transaction here. But plaintiffs and the D.C. Circuit held that this level of specificity wasn’t required given the fungible nature of money: In essence, they argued the once a foreign state sells expropriated property and commingles the proceeds in its general treasury, any specific tracing requirement goes out the window and all the state’s money presumptively becomes property “exchanged for” the original disputed property unless the foreign state can disprove any alleged connection. The Court concluded that this went too far for two main reasons. First, not unlike plaintiffs in any other suit, plaintiffs in FSIA cases have to “plausibly” allege that an exception to foreign immunity applies. But states raise money from all sorts of sources, and they spend it on a wide range of commercial and non-commercial activities both at home and abroad. As a general matter, then, it is not “plausible” that the specific proceeds from Hungary’s auctioning off of Jewish-owned property in 1944 and 1945 have ended up in the United States today in connection with one of Hungary’s limited commercial actions here. The factual connection between 1944 Hungary and present-day Hungary’s purchases of military hardware in the United States is just not that plausible given all that’s happened in the interim. Second, the expropriation exception is itself a bit of an anomaly, as it departs from the “restrictive” theory of sovereign immunity by subjecting foreign states to suit in the United States for takings of property, “sovereign” acts if there ever were any. Justice Sotomayor was thus unwilling to read the expropriation exception’s commercial-nexus requirement in a way that would further extend the exception’s reach.All this is not to say that a plaintiff can never rely on the expropriation exception to sue a foreign state over the expropriation of property the foreign state has since sold. Rather, Justice Sotomayor took pains to point out prior examples—including one that figured prominently in Congress’s
2025-04-14